Study to monitor connectivity - Connecting the EU to its partners though submarine cables

Digital connectivity is the foundation of the next Digital Decade. There are two significant first mile technologies to consider in international connectivity: submarine and terrestrial fibre-optic cables, and satellite systems. In transcontinental connectivity submarine cable systems are key elements to consider for ensuring the goal of the EU: remain an integral part of the connectivity ecosystem, ensure the security of infrastructure and services, and establish digital sovereignty. The current document is dedicated to provide support to the listed goals of the EU and DG CONNECT.