Governance and enforcement of the AI Act

The AI Act’s governance will be steered by three advisory bodies:

• the European Artificial Intelligence Board, composed of representatives from the EU Member States,
• the Scientific Panel, composed of independent experts in the field of AI,
• the Advisory Forum, representing a diverse selection of stakeholders, both commercial and non-commercial.

This multistakeholder governance will ensure a balanced approach to the implementation of the AI Act.

The European AI Office

The European AI Office, established in February 2024 within the Commission, oversees the AI Act’s enforcement and implementation in the EU Member States. It will also be responsible to supervise the most powerful AI models, so-called general-purpose AI models.

National market surveillance authorities

Market surveillance authorities supervise and enforce the rules for AI systems, for example the prohibitions and rules for high-risk AI. Each Member State has to designate and empower market surveillance authorities until 2 August 2025. Market surveillance authorities will have powers to investigate and enforce compliance with the AI Act, in line with EU market surveillance rules.

Involvement of other authorities in AI incidents

Malfunctioning of AI systems can result in violations of fundamental rights laws, for example those protecting privacy or the right to non-discrimination. To facilitate that fundamental rights protection authorities can effectively investigate such violations, the AI Act provides rules that ensure cooperation and information flows between all authorities.

What rights does the AI Act introduce for fundamental rights protection authorities?

• Right to be informed by market surveillance authorities, e.g. about serious incidents.
• Right to request information and cooperation from market surveillance authorities.
• Right to request cooperation from providers of high-risk AI systems for which an incident has occurred.

What are the fundamental rights protection authorities who benefit from these rules?

These are public authorities or bodies in the member states that are empowered to supervise or enforce the respect of obligations under Union law protecting fundamental rights.

Each Member State has to identify the relevant authorities and publish a list. You can download the consolidated list of all identified authorities (.XLS). Please be informed that the this excel file is updated continuously in light of the ongoing implementation process of the AI Act.