This page provides an overview of the designated Very Large Online Platforms (VLOPs) and Very Large Online Search Engines (VLOSEs) supervised by the Commission and the main enforcement activities.
Information updated on 06 February 2025.
Main establishment of the provider in the EU
AliExpress International (Netherlands) B.V.
Designated service
AliExpress
Type of service under DSA
Very large online platform
Average monthly active users in millions*
104.3
Digital Services Coordinator as of 17 February 2024
Netherlands
DSA enforcement actions
- 25.04.2023: designation (Commission decision.pdf; press release)
- 06.11.2023: request for information (press release)
- 18.01.2024: request for information (press release)
- 14.03.2024: opening of proceedings (Commission decision initiating proceedings.pdf; press release)
Main establishment of the provider in the EU
Amazon Services Europe S.à.r.l.
Designated service
Amazon Store
Type of service under DSA
Very large online platform
Average monthly active users in millions*
181.3
Digital Services Coordinator as of 17 February 2024
Luxembourg
DSA enforcement actions
- 25.04.2023: designation (Commission decision.pdf; press release)
- 15.11.2023: request for information (press release)
- 18.01.2024: request for information (press release)
- 05.07.2024: request for information (press release)
Main establishment of the provider in the EU
Apple Distribution International Limited
Designated service
App Store
Type of service under DSA
Very large online platform
Average monthly active users in millions*
123
Digital Services Coordinator as of 17 February 2024
Ireland
DSA enforcement actions
- 25.04.2023: designation (Commission decision.pdf; press release)
- 14.12.2023: request for information (press release)
- 18.01.2024: request for information (press release)
Main establishment of the provider in the EU
Aylo Freesites Ltd.
Designated service
Pornhub
Type of service under DSA
Very large online platform
Average monthly active users in millions*
above 45***
Digital Services Coordinator as of 17 February 2024
Cyprus
DSA enforcement actions
- 20.12.2023: designation (Designation decision not yet available; press release)
- 13.06.2024: request for information (press release)
- 18.10.2024: request for information (press release)
Main establishment of the provider in the EU
Booking.com B.V.
Designated service
Booking.com
Type of service under DSA
Very large online platform
Average monthly active users in millions*
above 45**
Digital Services Coordinator as of 17 February 2024
Netherlands
DSA enforcement actions
- 25.04.2023: designation (Commission decision.pdf; press release)
- 18.01.2024: request for information (press release)
Main establishment of the provider in the EU
Google Ireland Ltd.
Designated service
Google Search
Type of service under DSA
Very large online search engine
Average monthly active users in millions*
364
Digital Services Coordinator as of 17 February 2024
Ireland
DSA enforcement actions
- 25.04.2023: designation (Commission decision.pdf and corrigendum.pdf; press release)
- 18.01.2024: request for information (press release)
- 14.03.2024: request for information (press release)
Designated service
Google Play
Type of service under DSA
Very large online platform
Average monthly active users in millions*
284.6
Digital Services Coordinator as of 17 February 2024
Ireland
DSA enforcement actions
- 25.04.2023: designation (Commission decision.pdf; press release)
- 14.12.2023: request for information (press release)
- 18.01.2024: request for information (press release)
Designated service
Google Maps
Type of service under DSA
Very large online platform
Average monthly active users in millions*
275.6
Digital Services Coordinator as of 17 February 2024
Ireland
DSA enforcement actions
- 25.04.2023: designation (Commission decision.pdf; press release)
- 18.01.2024: request for information (press release)
Designated service
Google Shopping
Type of service under DSA
Very large online platform
Average monthly active users in millions*
70.8
Digital Services Coordinator as of 17 February 2024
Ireland
DSA enforcement actions
- 25.04.2023: designation (Commission decision.pdf; press release)
- 18.01.2024: request for information (press release)
Designated service
Youtube
Type of service under DSA
Very large online platform
Average monthly active users in millions*
416.6
Digital Services Coordinator as of 17 February 2024
Ireland
DSA enforcement actions
- 25.04.2023: designation (Commission decision.pdf; press release)
- 09.11.2023: request for information (press release)
- 18.01.2024: request for information (press release)
- 14.03.2024: request for information (press release)
- 02.10.2024: request for information (press release)
Main establishment of the provider in the EU
Infinite Styles Services Co, Ltd
Designated service
Shein
Type of service under DSA
Very large online platform
Average monthly active users in millions*
108
Digital Services Coordinator as of 17 February 2024
Ireland
DSA enforcement actions
- 26.04.2024: designation (Commission decision.pdf; press release)
- 28.06.2024: request for information (press release)
- 06.02.2025: request for information (press release)
Main establishment of the provider in the EU
LinkedIn Ireland Unlimited Company
Designated service
Type of service under DSA
Very large online platform
Average monthly active users in millions*
Logged-in active users: 45.2
Logged-out site visits: 132.5
Digital Services Coordinator as of 17 February 2024
Ireland
DSA enforcement actions
- 25.04.2023: designation (Commission decision.pdf; press release)
- 18.01.2024: request for information (press release)
- 14.03.2024: request for information (press release)
- 07.06.2024: statement of Commissioner Breton on LinkedIn’s announcement on targeted advertisement
Main establishment of the provider in the EU
Meta Platforms Ireland Limited (MPIL)
Designated service
Type of service under DSA
Very large online platform
Average monthly active users in millions*
259
Digital Services Coordinator as of 17 February 2024
Ireland
DSA enforcement actions
- 25.04.2023: designation (Commission decision.pdf; press release)
- 19.10.2023: request for information (press release)
- 10.11.2023: request for information (press release)
- 01.12.2023: request for information (press release)
- 18.01.2024: request for information (press release)
- 01.03.2024: request for information (press release)
- 14.03.2024: request for information (press release)
- 30.04.2024: opening of proceedings + request for information (Commission decision.pdf; press release)
- 16.05.2024: opening of proceedings (press release)
- 16.08.2024: request for information (press release)
Designated service
Type of service under DSA
Very large online platform
Average monthly active users in millions*
259
Digital Services Coordinator as of 17 February 2024
Ireland
DSA enforcement actions
- 25.04.2023: designation (Commission decision.pdf; press release)
- 19.10.2023: request for information (press release)
- 10.11.2023: request for information (press release)
- 01.12.2023: request for information (press release)
- 18.01.2024: request for information (press release)
- 01.03.2024: request for information (press release)
- 14.03.2024: request for information (press release)
- 30.04.2024: opening of proceedings + request for information (Commission decision.pdf; press release)
- 16.05.2024: opening of proceedings (press release)
- 16.08.2024: request for information (press release)
Main establishment of the provider in the EU
Microsoft Ireland Operations Limited
Designated service
Bing
Type of service under DSA
Very large online search engine
Average monthly active users in millions*
119
Digital Services Coordinator as of 17 February 2024
Ireland
DSA enforcement actions
- 25.04.2023: designation (Commission decision
- .pdf; press release)
- 18.01.2024: request for information (press release)
- 14.03.2024: request for information (press release)
- 17.05.2024: request for information (press release)
Main establishment of the provider in the EU
NKL Associates s.r.o
Designated service
XNXX
Type of service under DSA
Very large online platform
Average monthly active users in millions*
45
Digital Services Coordinator as of 17 February 2024
Czechia
DSA enforcement actions
- 10.07.2024: designation (Designation decision not yet available; press release)
Main establishment of the provider in the EU
Pinterest Europe Ltd.
Designated service
Type of service under DSA
Very large online platform
Average monthly active users in millions*
124
Digital Services Coordinator as of 17 February 2024
Ireland
DSA enforcement actions
- 25.04.2023: designation (Commission decision.pdf; press release)
- 18.01.2024: request for information (press release)
Main establishment of the provider in the EU
Snap B.V.
Designated service
Snapchat
Type of service under DSA
Very large online platform
Average monthly active users in millions*
102
Digital Services Coordinator as of 17 February 2024
Netherlands
DSA enforcement actions
- 25.04.2023: designation (Commission decision.pdf; press release)
- 10.11.2023: request for information (press release)
- 18.01.2024: request for information (press release)
- 14.03.2024: request for information (press release)
- 02.10.2024: request for information (press release)
Main establishment of the provider in the EU
Technius Ltd.
Designated service
Stripchat
Type of service under DSA
Very large online platform
Average monthly active users in millions*
above 45***
Digital Services Coordinator as of 17 February 2024
Cyprus
DSA enforcement actions
- 20.12.2023: designation (Designation decision not yet available; press release)
- 13.06.2024: request for information (press release)
- 18.10.2024: request for information (press release)
Main establishment of the provider in the EU
TikTok Technology Limited
Designated service
TikTok
Type of service under DSA
Very large online platform
Average monthly active users in millions*
135.9
Digital Services Coordinator as of 17 February 2024
Ireland
DSA enforcement actions
- 25.04.2023: designation (Commission decision.pdf; press release)
- 19.10.2023: request for information (press release)
- 09.11.2023: request for information (press release)
- 18.01.2024: request for information (press release)
- 19.02.2024: opening of proceedings (summary note. pdf); press release)
- 14.03.2024: request for information (press release)
- 17.04.2024: request for information (press release)
- 22.04.2024: opening of proceedings + communication of intention to impose interim measures + request for information by decision (Commission decision.pdf; press release; summary note. pdf)
- 24.04.2024: statement of Commissioner Breton on TikTok’s suspension of TikTok Lite functionalities
- 05.08.2024: decision accepting binding commitments (Commission decision; annex to the decision; press release)
- 02.10.2024: request for information (press release)
- 29.11.2024: request for information (press release)
- 05.12.2024: retention order in the context of the Romanian elections (press release)
- 17.12.2024: opening of proceedings (press release)
Main establishment of the provider in the EU
Twitter International Unlimited Company (TIUC)
Designated service
X
Type of service under DSA
Very large online platform
Average monthly active users in millions*
115.1
Digital Services Coordinator as of 17 February 2024
Ireland
DSA enforcement actions
- 25.04.2023: designation (Commission decision.pdf; press release)
- 12.10.2023: request for information (press release)
- 18.12.2023: opening of proceedings (Commission decision initiating proceedings.pdf; press release)
- 14.03.2024: request for information (press release)
- 08.05.2024: request for additional information (press release)
- 12.07.2024: preliminary findings (press release)
- 17.01.2025: retention order in the context of the ongoing investigation + request for information by decision + request for access to APIs (press release)
Main establishment of the provider in the EU
Whaleco Technology Limited
Designated service
Temu
Type of service under DSA
Very large online platform
Average monthly active users in millions*
75
Digital Services Coordinator as of 17 February 2024
Ireland
DSA enforcement actions
- 31.05.2024: designation (Designation decision not yet available; press release)
- 28.06.2024: request for information (press release)
- 11.10.2024: request for information (press release)
- 31.10.2024: opening of proceedings (Commission decision initiating proceedings.pdf; press release)
Main establishment of the provider in the EU
WebGroup Czech Republic
Designated service
XVideos
Type of service under DSA
Very large online platform
Average monthly active users in millions*
160
Digital Services Coordinator as of 17 February 2024
Czechia
DSA enforcement actions
- 20.12.2023: designation (Designation decision not yet available; press release)
- 13.06.2024: request for information (press release)
- 18.10.2024: request for information (press release)
Main establishment of the provider in the EU
Wikimedia Foundation Inc 3****
Designated service
Wikipedia
Type of service under DSA
Very large online platform
Average monthly active users in millions*
151.1
Digital Services Coordinator as of 17 February 2024
The Netherlands
DSA enforcement actions
- 25.04.2023: designation (Commission decision.pdf; press release)
Main establishment of the provider in the EU
Zalando SE
Designated service
Zalando
Type of service under DSA
Very large online platform
Average monthly active users in millions*
Monthly average in retail: 74.5
Monthly average for third-party content: 26.8
Digital Services Coordinator as of 17 February 2024
Germany
DSA enforcement actions
- 25.04.2023: designation (Commission decision.pdf; press release)
- 18.01.2024: request for information (press release)
Notes
* As reported by the provider (e.g. transparency reports, website) and without prejudice to the assessment by the Commission of the methodology used to calculate the active recipients of service.
** Without prejudice to enforcement actions under Article 24 (2) DSA
*** As determined by the Commission
**** Without prejudice to enforcement actions under Article 13 DSA
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