AI Factories

Bridging AI Innovation and Trust

AI Factories are dynamic ecosystems that foster innovation, collaboration, and development in the field of artificial intelligence (AI). They bring together computing power, data, and talent to create cutting-edge AI models and applications. They foster collaboration across Europe, linking supercomputing centres, universities, small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), industry, and financial actors. AI Factories serve as hubs driving advancements in AI applications across various sectors such as health, manufacturing, climate, finance, space, and more.

The Commission has identified the establishment of AI Factories as a strategic priority, as announced in the 2024 AI Innovation Package. The AI Continent Action Plan reinforces EU investment in AI Factories. Through 2025-2026, at least 15 AI Factories and several Antennas (associated to AI-optimised supercomputers in existing AI Factories) are expected to be operational, enabling the pan-EU AI ecosystem and promoting growth by prioritising access for AI startups and SMEs. In this context, at least 9 new AI optimised supercomputers will be procured and deployed across the EU. This will more than triple the current EuroHPC AI computing capacity.

The EuroHPC Joint Undertaking provides access to the computing time and support services offered by the EuroHPC AI Factories. The AI Factories are open to European users from various sectors, including industry, research, academia and public authorities.

In addition, to propel Europe to the forefront of AI development, the InvestAI Facility will comprise a new European fund of €20 billion to create up to 5 AI Gigafactories. The InvestAI Facility will foster public-private partnerships to guarantee a secure investment landscape and nurture a competitive and innovative AI ecosystem within Europe.

AI Gigafactories are large-scale facilities dedicated to the development and training of next-generation AI models containing trillions of parameters. To achieve this, AI Gigafactories will bring together computing power – over 100,000 advanced AI processors – and a strong emphasis on power capacity, reliable supply chains, advanced networking, energy efficiency, and AI-driven automation.

List of AI Factories 

Background

The January 2024 package of measures is supporting European startups and SMEs in the development of trustworthy AI that respects EU values and rules. This is in line with the AI Act which supports the development, deployment and take-up of trustworthy AI in the EU.

This package was designed to support AI startups and innovation. It proposed an amendment to the EuroHPC Regulation enabling the establishment of AI factories. The EuroHPC infrastructure became accessible to AI-optimised supercomputers to startups and the broader innovation community.

In December 2024, the EuroHPC JU selected seven consortia to establish the first AI Factories across Europe, marking a significant step towards the creation of a robust AI ecosystem. The seven AI Factories involve 15 Member States and 2 EuroHPC Participating States. These will be deployed next year across Europe: in Finland, Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Spain and Sweden.

In March 2025, the EuroHPC announced the selection of another 6 AI Factories located in Austria, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Poland, and Slovenia.

The AI Factories will be networked together and connected to other major AI support initiatives, such as the Testing and Experimentation Facilities, offering dedicated resources for testing AI solutions, and the network of European Digital Innovation Hubs.

Over the 2021-2027 period, the Commission’s and Member States’ and Associated Countries’ overall investments in supercomputing infrastructures and AI Factories in the EU will reach €10 billion through the EuroHPC JU.

The European AI Office collaborates closely with the EuroHPC JU and key stakeholders to coordinate actions and combine resources, encouraging investment in the development, refinement, and integration of advanced AI models into key applications.