A comparison of broadband technologies presents features of each solution and helps decisions on the best solution for different regions.
Full FTTH coverage for three rural villages in Drnje, Croatia
With DSL, cable access, the optical fibre technology, radio broadcasts and new mobile standards, a variety of broadband technologies are available on the market that ensure reliable broadband services. However, it is important to choose a technology that is suitable for the individual region. Below, the main characteristics of each technology are summarised. An overview table allows for quick comparison at a glance.
Wired Broadband Technologies
ADSL, ADSL2, ADSL2+
Downstream/Upstream rate: 24/3 Mbps
Efficiency range: 5 km
Infrastructure Architecture: internet access by transmitting digital data over the wires of a local telephone network copper line terminates at telephone exchange
Suitability: use of existing telephone infrastructure; fast to install; small efficiency range due to the line resistance of copper connection lines
VDSL, VDSL2, Vectoring, 35b Supervectoring
Downstream/Upstream rate: 250/40 Mbps
Efficiency range: 1 km
Infrastructure Architecture: internet access by transmitting digital data over the wires of a local telephone network copper line terminates at street cabinet (VDSL); Vectoring allows elimination of cross talks for higher bandwidths.
Suitability: use of existing telephone infrastructure; fast to install; small efficiency range due to the line resistance of copper connection lines
Future of the technology: further speed and range improvements by enhancing and combining new DSL-based technologies (phantom mode, bonding, vectoring); bridge technology towards complete fibre optic cable infrastructure
G.Fast
Downstream/Upstream rate: Gbps bandwidths possible
Efficiency range: 100 m
Infrastructure Architecture: G.Fast: Frequency increase up to 212 MHz to achieve higher bandwidt
Suitability: use of existing telephone infrastructure; fast to install; small efficiency range due to the line resistance of copper connection lines
Future of the technology: further speed and range improvements by enhancing and combining new DSL-based technologies (phantom mode, bonding, vectoring); bridge technology towards complete fibre optic cable infrastructure
CATV & DOCSIS
Downstream/Upstream rate: 1 Gbps/200 Mbps
Efficiency range: 2-100 km
Infrastructure Architecture: coaxial cable in the streets and buildings; fibre at the feeder segments. Network extensions to provide backward channel functionality
Suitability: use of existing cable television infrastructure; fast to install; high transmission rates
Future of the technology: Further implementation of new standards (DOCSIS 3.1 & 4.0) allow provisions of higher bandwidth to end-users
Optical Fibre Cable
Downstream/Upstream rate: 10/10 Gbps (and more)
Efficiency range: 10-60 km
Infrastructure Architecture: signal transmission via fibre; distribution of signals by electrically powered network equipment or unpowered optical splitters
Suitability: highest bandwidth capacities; high efficiency range; high investment costs; bandwidth depends on the transformation of the optical into electronic signals at the curb (FTTC), building (FTTB) or home (FTTH)
Future of the technology: Next generation technology to meet future bandwidth demands
Wireless Broadband Technologies
LTE (Advanced) (4G)
Downstream/Upstream rate: 300/75 Mbps
Efficiency range: 3-6 km
Infrastructure Architecture: mobile devices send and receive radio signals with any number of cell site base stations fitted with microwave antennas; sites connected to a cabled communication network and switching system
Suitability: highly suitable for coverage of remote areas (esp. 800 MHz); quickly and easily implementable; shared medium; limited frequencies
Future of the technology: commercial deployment of new standards with additional features (HSPA+, 5G) and provision of more frequency spectrum blocks (490 - 700 MHz); meets future needs of mobility and bandwidth accessing NGA-Services
HSPA/HSPA+ (3G)
Downstream/Upstream rate: 42,2 / 5,76 Mbps, 337 Mbps / 34 Mbps
Efficiency range: 3 km
Infrastructure Architecture: mobile devices send and receive radio signals with any number of cell site base stations fitted with microwave antennas; sites connected to a cabled communication network and switching system
Suitability: highly suitable for coverage of remote areas (esp. 800 MHz); quickly and easily implementable; shared medium; limited frequencies
Future of the technology: commercial deployment of new standards with additional features (HSPA+, 5G) and provision of more frequency spectrum blocks (490 - 700 MHz); meets future needs of mobility and bandwidth accessing NGA-Services
5G
Downstream/Upstream rate: 10/1 Gbps
Efficiency range: 3-6 km
Infrastructure Architecture: mobile devices send and receive radio signals with any number of cell site base stations fitted with microwave antennas; sites connected to a cabled communication network and switching system
Suitability: high achievable data rates; low latency; high reliability; higher frequency bands; advanced multi-antenna transmission; handling of extreme device densities; flexible spectrum usage
Future of the technology: meets future needs of mobility and bandwidth accessing NGA-services; enables connectivity for a wide range of new applications
Satellite
Downstream/Upstream rate: 30/10 Mbps
Efficiency range: High
Infrastructure Architecture: mobile devices send and receive radio signals with any number of cell site base stations fitted with microwave antennas; sites connected to a cabled communication network and switching system
Suitability: highly suitable for coverage of remote areas; quickly and easily implementable; run time latency; asymmetrical
Future of the technology: 30 Mbps by 2020 based on next generation of high-throughput satellites
Leo Satellites
Downstream/Upstream rate: Signal distribution to user via WiFi/LTE/HSPA
Efficiency range: --
Infrastructure Architecture: mobile devices send and receive radio signals with any number of cell site base stations fitted with microwave antennas; sites connected to a cabled communication network and switching system
Suitability: reduced latency; affordable internet access possible; controlling by the necessary ground stations of non-stationary flying satellites is very challenging
Future of the technology: internet service for very rural and remote areas possible
INTERNET balloons
Downstream/Upstream rate: Signal distribution to user via WiFi/LTE/HSPA
Efficiency range: --
Infrastructure Architecture: mobile devices send and receive radio signals with any number of cell site base stations fitted with microwave antennas; sites connected to a cabled communication network and switching system
Suitability: currently in a testing phase; challenging controlling; controlling by the necessary ground stations of non-stationary flying balloons is very challenging
Future of the technology: internet service for very rural and remote areas possible
Wi-Fi (802.11n) (IEEE 802.11ad)
Downstream/Upstream rate: 600/600 Mbps (802.11n); 6.7 Gbps (IEEE 802.11ad)
Efficiency range: indoor 70/ outdoor 250 m (802.11n); 3.3 m (IEEE 802.11ad)
Infrastructure Architecture: mobile devices send and receive radio signals with any number of cell site base stations fitted with microwave antennas; sites connected to a cabled communication network and switching system
Suitability: inexpensive and proven; quickly and easily implementable; small efficiency range; shared medium
Future of the technology: increased use of hotspots at central places
WiMAX (IEEE802.16e)
Downstream/Upstream rate: 6/4 Mbps; 70 Mbps (IEEE802.16e)
Efficiency range: 60 km
Infrastructure Architecture: mobile devices send and receive radio signals with any number of cell site base stations fitted with microwave antennas; sites connected to a cabled communication network and switching system
Suitability: inexpensive and proven; quickly and easily implementable; small efficiency range; shared medium
Future of the technology: gets continually replaced by Wi-Fi and LTE and plays therefore no significant role anymore; further developments are therefore not expected
Lifi
Downstream/Upstream rate: max. 224 Gbps
Efficiency range: several meters
Infrastructure Architecture: mobile devices send and receive radio signals with any number of cell site base stations fitted with microwave antennas; sites connected to a cabled communication network and switching syste
Suitability: only delivers communication over short ranges; low reliability; high installation costs; cheaper than Wi-Fi; only effective and permanent within closed rooms
Future of the technology: useful in electromagnetic sensitive areas such as in aircraft cabins, hospitals and nuclear power plants without causing electromagnetic interference
Latest News
Ábhar Gaolmhar
An Pictiúr Mór
The Broadband planning section helps municipalities and other entities in their planning of successful broadband development projects.
Féach freisin
Déantar iarrachtaí infheistíochta chun líonraí poiblí-príobháideacha agus príobháideacha a mhaoiniú i gcomhar idir gníomhaithe príobháideacha ar leo an bonneagar atá ann cheana, agus údaráis phoiblí.
Is féidir le bardais, cuideachtaí bardasacha, comhfhiontair, agus cuideachtaí príobháideacha a bheith páirteach i gceann amháin, in dhá chéim nó i ngach ceann de thrí chéim d’fhorbairt leathanbhanda.
Is féidir le gníomhaithe éagsúla na róil bhunúsacha atá ag an Soláthraí Bonneagair Fhisiciúil (PIP), ag an Soláthraí Líonra (NP) agus ag an Soláthraí Seirbhíse (SP) a ghlacadh.
Is féidir rochtain a fháil ar an mbonneagar leathanbhanda trí nóid líonra éagsúla ar leibhéal an bhonneagair agus an fheidhmchláir.
Forbhreathnú ar theicneolaíochtaí éagsúla leathanbhanda sreinge, gan sreang agus atá ag teacht aníos agus tuairisc ar na buntáistí, na míbhuntáistí agus an inbhuanaitheacht a bhaineann leo.
The main financing tools for high-speed broadband development projects are own resources, revenue-based financing, loans, equity and grants.
D’fhéadfadh gá a bheith le státchabhair don leathanbhanda i roinnt áiteanna nach soláthraíonn an margadh an infheistíocht bonneagair is gá.
Tá codanna geografacha i líonra leathanbhanda. Déanann toipeolaíocht líonra cur síos ar an gcaoi a bhfuil na codanna éagsúla de líonra nasctha. Is iad na topologies is ábhartha do na líonraí cnámh droma agus ceantair ná topologies crann, topologies fáinne agus topologies mogalra...
Chun tuiscint a fháil ar na róil is féidir le riaracháin phoiblí a ghlacadh, tá sé úsáideach féachaint ar na sraitheanna éagsúla atá i líonra leathanbhanda chomh maith le príomhróil ghnó.
Teastaíonn cineálacha éagsúla bonneagair ó líonraí leathanbhanda atá bunaithe ar dhálaí éagsúla lóistíochta, eacnamaíocha nó déimeagrafacha. Bain úsáid as na ceisteanna chun cabhrú leat a roghnú.